USS Massachusetts (BB-59) is the third of four
South Dakota-class fast battleships built for the
United States Navy in the late 1930s. The first American battleships designed after the
Washington treaty system began to break down in the mid-1930s, they took advantage of an escalator clause that allowed increasing the
main battery to 16-inch (406 mm) guns, but refusal to authorize larger battleships kept their
displacement close to the Washington limit of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t). A requirement to be armored against the same caliber of guns as they carried, combined with the displacement restriction, resulted in cramped ships, a problem that was exacerbated by wartime modifications that considerably strengthened their anti-aircraft batteries and significantly increased their crews.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Massachusetts_(BB-59)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota-class_battleship_(1939)
http://www.navypedia.org/ships/usa/us_bb_sdakota.htm