The
Dornier Do 217 was a
bomber used by the
German Luftwaffe during World War II as a more powerful version of the
Dornier Do 17, known as the
Fliegender Bleistift (German: "flying pencil"). Designed in 1937 and 1938 as a
heavy bomber but not meant to be capable of the longer-range missions envisioned for the larger
Heinkel He 177, the Do 217's design was refined during 1939 and production began in late 1940. It entered service in early 1941 and by the beginning of 1942 was available in significant numbers.
The Dornier Do 217 had a much larger bomb load capacity and had much greater range than the Do 17. In later variants, dive bombing and maritime strike capabilities using glide bombs were explored in depth, with considerable success in the latter role. Early Do 217 variants were more powerful than the contemporary
Heinkel He 111 and
Junkers Ju 88, having a greater speed, range and bomb load. Owing to this it was designated a
heavy bomber rather than a
medium bomber. The Do 217 served on all fronts in all roles. On the
Eastern Front and
Western Front it operated as a
strategic bomber,
torpedo bomberand reconnaissance aircraft. It also performed tactical functions, either direct ground assault or anti-shipping strikes during the
Battle of the Atlantic and
Battle of Normandy. The Do 217 was also converted to become a
night fighter and saw considerable action in the
Defence of the Reich campaign until the last day of the war.
The type also served in anti-shipping units in the Mediterranean, attacking Allied convoys and naval units during the
Battle of the Mediterranean. It was in the Mediterranean that the Do 217 became the first aircraft in military aviation history to deploy a form of
precision-guided munition in combat, in the form of the
Fritz-X radio-guided, free-fall bomb, which led to the sinking of the Italian
battleship Roma in 1943. After the end of the war, at least one Dornier Do 217 continued in active military operational service with the
Swiss Air Force until 1946.