White Natural Versatile Plastic
1/600 RN Giulio Cesare Main Armament
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Product Description
RN (Regia Nave - Royal Ship) Giulio Cesare was the second of the three Conte di Cavour class second generation dreadnoughts of the Regia Marina.
Launched in 1911 and completed just two months before the start of WWI, the class of which Cesare was a part of was designed to be an improvement on the first Italian breakthrough dreadnought, Dante Alighieri. Combining the latter's triple turret design on a slightly larger, more heavily armoured hull, the Cavours only upped Alighieri by one gun (13 vs 12), but in quite the unique arrangement, with a triple turret on the foredeck, a twin superfiring over it, the same layout of twin over triple on the quarterdeck, and a triple turret amidships between the funnels. The guns were 305 mm in calibre.
Built to confront the KuK Marine (Austria-Hungary's Navy), the battleships of the Regia Marina never had the chance to come to blows with the enemy battle fleet in the Great War. The only casualty regarding major Italian units was the destruction of Leonardo da Vinci, one of Cesare's sisters, which capsized after an internal magazine explosion during resupply of ammunition. Austro-Hungarian sabotage was blamed at the time, but the most probable cause was unstable propellant (a problem not uncommon in the 1910s - HMS Vanguard, among others, blew up at anchor in a similar way).
In 1922 the Washington Naval Treaty was signed, and Italy put a stop on capital ship construction and a number of others in reserve, including Giulio Cesare, due to the disastrous financial situation of the State. In 1928 the battleship was reactivated and became a gunnery training ship, while in 1933 she was put into drydock in Genoa and heavily reconstructed.
The ship that came out of the dockyard was basically a new vessel build around the old shell. The bow was lengthened and her machinery totally replaced, to improve seakeeping and up her speed from 21.5 kn to a staggering 28 kn. The midships turret was removed and her ten remaining guns were rebored to 320 mm calibre. A totally new secondary armament of 6 twin 120 mm guns was added, plus AA guns and modern fire control systems.
Cesare was sailing again in 1937, covering the invasion of Albania in 1939. Early in WWII, the ship took part in the Battle of Calabria (more commonly known to Italians as Battle of Punta Stilo), together with her sister Conte di Cavour, and she was the recipient for one of the longest naval gunnery hits in history: HMS Warspite put a 15 in shell amidships from nearly 27 km away, which fortunately did not cause serious damage but reducing her speed, and convinced Admiral Campioni to retire.
In November 1940 Cesare was at anchor at Taranto, where she was fortunately not hit; further operations did not either bring about an engagement or were uneventful. In 1942 the battleship was again reduced to a gunnery training platform, setting out for Malta in September 1943 after the armistice. In 1944 she returned to the port of Taranto, where she was to lay for the next four years.
After the war, RN Giulio Cesare was transferred to the Soviet Union as a war prize and renamed Novorossiysk, entering service in 1949. In 1953 her original light AA armament was swapped for Soviet-built 37 mm guns, and her fire control systems and radars replaced as well. A plan to replace her twin 120 mm turrets with 130 mm/58 guns and 100 mm and 37 mm guns with 8 quadruple 45 mm was not to be, however. That same year the battleship struck a German WWII mine (possibly multiple) and quickly capsized in shallow water. Novorossiysk was later salvaged and scrapped in 1957.
Launched in 1911 and completed just two months before the start of WWI, the class of which Cesare was a part of was designed to be an improvement on the first Italian breakthrough dreadnought, Dante Alighieri. Combining the latter's triple turret design on a slightly larger, more heavily armoured hull, the Cavours only upped Alighieri by one gun (13 vs 12), but in quite the unique arrangement, with a triple turret on the foredeck, a twin superfiring over it, the same layout of twin over triple on the quarterdeck, and a triple turret amidships between the funnels. The guns were 305 mm in calibre.
Built to confront the KuK Marine (Austria-Hungary's Navy), the battleships of the Regia Marina never had the chance to come to blows with the enemy battle fleet in the Great War. The only casualty regarding major Italian units was the destruction of Leonardo da Vinci, one of Cesare's sisters, which capsized after an internal magazine explosion during resupply of ammunition. Austro-Hungarian sabotage was blamed at the time, but the most probable cause was unstable propellant (a problem not uncommon in the 1910s - HMS Vanguard, among others, blew up at anchor in a similar way).
In 1922 the Washington Naval Treaty was signed, and Italy put a stop on capital ship construction and a number of others in reserve, including Giulio Cesare, due to the disastrous financial situation of the State. In 1928 the battleship was reactivated and became a gunnery training ship, while in 1933 she was put into drydock in Genoa and heavily reconstructed.
The ship that came out of the dockyard was basically a new vessel build around the old shell. The bow was lengthened and her machinery totally replaced, to improve seakeeping and up her speed from 21.5 kn to a staggering 28 kn. The midships turret was removed and her ten remaining guns were rebored to 320 mm calibre. A totally new secondary armament of 6 twin 120 mm guns was added, plus AA guns and modern fire control systems.
Cesare was sailing again in 1937, covering the invasion of Albania in 1939. Early in WWII, the ship took part in the Battle of Calabria (more commonly known to Italians as Battle of Punta Stilo), together with her sister Conte di Cavour, and she was the recipient for one of the longest naval gunnery hits in history: HMS Warspite put a 15 in shell amidships from nearly 27 km away, which fortunately did not cause serious damage but reducing her speed, and convinced Admiral Campioni to retire.
In November 1940 Cesare was at anchor at Taranto, where she was fortunately not hit; further operations did not either bring about an engagement or were uneventful. In 1942 the battleship was again reduced to a gunnery training platform, setting out for Malta in September 1943 after the armistice. In 1944 she returned to the port of Taranto, where she was to lay for the next four years.
After the war, RN Giulio Cesare was transferred to the Soviet Union as a war prize and renamed Novorossiysk, entering service in 1949. In 1953 her original light AA armament was swapped for Soviet-built 37 mm guns, and her fire control systems and radars replaced as well. A plan to replace her twin 120 mm turrets with 130 mm/58 guns and 100 mm and 37 mm guns with 8 quadruple 45 mm was not to be, however. That same year the battleship struck a German WWII mine (possibly multiple) and quickly capsized in shallow water. Novorossiysk was later salvaged and scrapped in 1957.
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