Bottom Head for ER1

Electric train series ER1 created to service the busiest railway hubs — Moscow and Leningrad, and in this regard had exits to high platform. This was an obstacle to their use in the suburban areas of other cities, and since 1962, after saturation of the nodes of Moscow and Leningrad, their production was discontinued. In the early 1970s, due to the wear of the rolling stock, the transmission of these electric trains to less loaded areas began, for which they were equipped with combined outputs (on low and high platforms)[by 1] at the Moscow locomotive repair (BCM) and October electric repair (OEVRZ) plants, but by 1976 most of them — about 90 % — were on the Moscow and October roads[2]. To date, most of the trains in the ER1 series have been decommissioned, the rest are operated by Ukrainian Railways (UZ) and the Crimean railway (Krymzhd)[3]. Also, until recently, these electric trains were operated by Russian Railways (on the Kaliningrad railway) and EVR (Estonia, with the transfer then to the suburban operator Elektriraudtee), but now they are also written off.