The
Kongō-class battlecruiser was a
class of four
battlecruisers built for the
Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) immediately before
World War I. Designed by British
naval architect George Thurston, the lead ship of the class,
Kongō, was the last Japanese
capital ship constructed outside Japan, by
Vickers at
Barrow-in-Furness.
[1] Her sister ships
Haruna,
Kirishima and
Hiei were all completed in Japan.
During the late 1920s, all but
Hiei were reconstructed and reclassified as battleships. After the signing of the
London Naval Treaty in 1930,
Hiei was reconfigured as a
training ship to avoid being
scrapped. Following Japan's withdrawal from the
London Naval Treaty, all four underwent a massive second reconstruction in the late 1930s. Following the completion of these modifications, which increased top speeds to over 30
knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), all four were reclassified as
fast battleships.
The
Kongō-class battleships were the most active capital ships of the Japanese Navy during
World War II, participating in most major engagements of the war.
Hiei and
Kirishima acted as escorts during the
attack on Pearl Harbor, while
Kongō and
Haruna supported the
invasion of Singapore. All four participated in the battles of
Midway and
Guadalcanal.
Hiei and
Kirishimawere both lost during the
Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November 1942, while
Haruna and
Kongō jointly bombarded the American
Henderson Field airbase on Guadalcanal. The two remaining Kongō-class battleships spent most of 1943 shuttling between Japanese naval bases before participating in the major naval campaigns of 1944.
Haruna and
Kongō engaged American surface vessels during the
Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Kongō was torpedoed and sunk by the
submarine USS Sealion in November 1944, while
Haruna was sunk at her
moorings by an air attack in
Kure Naval Base in late July 1945, but later raised and scrapped in 1946.